Happy Family Environment

My family has 4 people: Dad, Mom, R, and A. Dad is a Chemist and Mom is an Engineer. Regardless of that they both are well educated; they have been arguing a lot. R is a 16 year old son and A is an 11 year old daughter and both are dramatized by their parents’ fighting. As a mom, she wishes to have a happy family. A happy family environment should not be so difficult to accomplish. A few positive things such as the parents should not be fighting any more, everyday children doing their homework dynamically and having dinner together, and we all sleep in the same cozy room. These would make us a very happy family. When parents have different opinions, they should communicate with each other in a good perceptive way. They should listen and understand what the other would like to express instead of being defensive. Parents should not being sarcastic to each other. Parents should only say positive and encouragement words to each other. Parents should support each other; especially, in front of the children. When parents are able to show compassionate and love to each other, children will also feel the love. When parents are no longer fight, the whole family will experience a very happy family. As a mom, after work, she comes home and prepares dinner for the family. She would be very happy to see Dad and the children surround the diner table studying. She understands it is a hard work for Dad to coordinate the children to doing their homework; however, with Dad’s direction, she would think the children would do the work much efficiently. After prepared the dinner, she would serve and we all have dinner together everyday. During dinner time, we can share our day and enlighten each other with a joke or a funny story. This will sure award us as a very happy family. And last, our house is huge with many rooms of our own, but sleeping in the same room would make everyone feels close to each other. Not to mention that we could save a bit on the electricity bills yet it is very cozy. We have each other in one cozy room for the night. Nothing can make us happier. In conclusion, to have a happy family environment, parents should never fight, children finish their homework accordingly while mom preparing for dinner, and we all sleep in one cozy room. These would make us the happiest family in the whole world. No one would ask for anything else.

Becoming a Healthy Team: Five Traits of Vital Leadership

Stephen A. Macchia, who is the writer of this book, is the founder head of Leadership Transformations group. This has been a ministry which mainly focuses spiritual needs which leaders together with their roles is supposed to have in day operation of fellowship or in ministry activity in churches both local and international.Creation of team has proved to be difficult as described by Stephen A. Macchia. He goes further to say that; it’s hard to motivate and lead most teams, since they can tend to inspire greatness into a leader and sometimes discourage someone to lead.Teams can be assembled together in a short while and at the same time they can disintegrate apart faster. Thus, this is why he saw a need to write more about building and managing a team. For a healthy and well organized team, it should possess characteristics of understanding, friendship, efficiency and effectiveness of team work which could lead to vitality of the team. Discussion Stephen A. Macchia, summarized his five traits of a team as TEAMS meaning; Trust, Empowerment, Assimilation, Management, and Service.He discussed all this with guidance from bible plus reflection questions at the end of each chapter. In this book, he formed a valuable team building resources for both pastors and leaders of the ministries, and also for other individuals who are most of the time involved in leadership process or role. From the back page, he explains how healthy and essential its for building a formidable team. The writer of this book has helped many churches to develop effectiveness in church service. Currently, he has concentrated on provision of practical leadership practices which leadership team does the same.He illustrates ways of trusting, empowering, assimilating, managing and serving. Lacking efficiency in our church leadership teams may lead to a failure in ministering. This book is outline with guidelines, which shows one to a good member of a team together with questions aligned with th eir answers of actual leadership to control and maintain team’s leadership track. As they face challenges. In most cases this challenges will rarely be handled spiritually or with clear approach like Stephen Macchia.In case someone is part of the ministerial team, one is advised to miss this book- Larry Crabb, the originator of New Way Ministry. It has been described that for one to be a great leader or team member, then greatness is the least expected. Stephen's approach to building a great team has played an important role the literature. † Compelling and appealing, this is a must-read for leaders who desire to build a biblical Spirit-led team. â€Å"-other authors like Luis Palau, a healthy Church, Becoming a Healthy Church Workbook, and Becoming a Healthy Disciple.To have a healthy church, Stephen illustrated ways of being lifted ahead and developing healthy church. It has been emphasized further that a healthy church will require assuming risks and their managemen t together with prompt evaluation. Stephen’s book is a real and practical publication which has been essential in transforming churches and leadership in ministries. Majority of churches and leaders have tried to implement the main traits and their effect have been applied in many churches worldwide regardless of their denomination, race and size.He suggested that the tool he could suggest to churches is being guided by the purpose. The nurturing of the most remarkable qualities will be guided by God, so that churches can obtain a good revival. Conclusion Stephen’s book has greatly made a good support in renewal of churches and leadership development universally. His alertness and spiritual guidance has strengthened the pillars of local churches. By reading this book one will find a spiritual guidance in undertaking leadership activities in churches. He has focused on spiritual development of leaders in local churches.He has also written exemplary books like Becoming a healthy disciple and church. He has helped many churches in the develop revival of healthy ministries. Nowadays he offer practical leadership training of church leaders, as he show them how to be trusted, empowered, assimilated, managed and served, which provides the TEAMS spelling. He has emphasized on the needs of teams which when not considered will lead to their failure. Reference Macchia, Stephen A. (2005). Becoming a Healthy Team: Five Traits of Vital Leadership, New York: Baker Books

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 2

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example It is interesting to study the processes through which a person goes through while arriving at a final decision, specifically, moral ones that test his or her character and loyalty. Often we see that the decisions that we take are decided by many factors. We are often trained to take decisions that are unbiased, but at some point of time in our lives, we come upon a dilemma wherein we start to question established rules and seek answers to why we must not heed to put emotional values while taking decisions. We tend to ask whether logic is all that we need to face the realities of life. We tend to consider why emotions are not given due importance in the decision making processes that can severely affect out lives in the future. The tension that arises out of conflict between heeding our inner voice and heeding to logic can create many problems in life. Essentially emotion is automatic and reflexive while logic is learned and acquired. While emotions are different from person to perso n, logic is more or less standard in its approach. In a way, it may be said that emotions are the real nature of a person, while logic conditions one to conform to the rules of the society. Decision making is dependent on the importance of the situation. While deciding on important things, such as opting between the elevator or the stairs, or making a decision on skipping breakfast, a person does not need to spend much time on the decision-making process. Sometimes, a person is not even aware that a decision has been made as he or she carries on with the chores of the day. However, when it comes to moral decisions that can have important ramifications in life, a person may have to stretch his or her mental faculties beyond the mundane and summon reason and emotion to come up with the right decision. Hence, it may be seen that there are certain situations in life where emotions and logic

Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case - Essay Example Ethical principles together with the doctrine of social responsibility however develop a more intrusive understanding into the matter. Based on the ethical principle of utilitarianism and the general need for social responsibility, the institutions’ move to campaign for education for homeless is called for. Utilitarianism advocates for consequential judgment and the need to ensure social good (Carroll and Buchholtz, p. 228). 2. While it may be argued that some of the sponsored individuals do not complete their studies and pass the financial burden to tax payers, it should be noted that cutting the funding would block some of the homeless who are determined complete the university programs but lacks the opportunity. This is because even though the institutions rely heavily on government expenditure for their revenue and that the government has increased allocations for financing the program, the government has a responsibility to undertake such expenditures (Carroll and Buchholtz, p. 228). 3. The ‘for profit’ institutions may similarly be exploitative in their initiative but the results of their drive, if the recruits complete the programs are beneficial. Though most of the recruits into the for profit university programs are also motivated by the availability of funds rather than academic needs, stopping the funding may unfairly hinder education to genuine students (Carroll and Buchholtz, p.

Self awareness assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Self awareness assignment - Essay Example Oakes et a defined self-esteem as â€Å"emphasize efective self-regard . . . feeling of affection toward neself (779). Others define it as an overall judgment one makes about one’s worth as a person. But regardless how it is defined, self esteem includes affective and cognitive components. â€Å"High self esteem people feel good about themselves and think they have many positive qualities† (779). On the reverse, low self-esteem people hold ambivalent feelings toward themselves and are less certain that they have many certain positive qualities (Baumeister, Tice & Hutton, 1989 qtd in Oakes et al 779). To this, Anjala and Worthen added the specifics of body image and self image which comprises self-esteem (90) Inferring from these definitions in setting up a SMART Goal in developing my self esteem, I will initially target a 20% increase in positive self esteem, progressing to 40% in the second week, 60% in the third week and 80% increase in self-esteem the fourth week of assessing the development of my self-esteem. The SMART Goal is effective because it is grounded on reality and the parameters were conservative. It is not an overly optimistic goal that is difficult to achieve that would make one eventually abandon the plan. Rather, it is composed of step by step plan that only requires realistic efforts that could be done consistently. Inferring from the definition of Oakes et al and and Anjala, I will categorize the componenets of self esteem as internal and external. Internal are those whom Oakes said to feel good about myself and which is triggered by a positive stimuli that helps us cope positively with the challenges of life(Tariq 23). To achieve these goals I will engage in activities that are consistent with the internal and external components about self esteem. With regard to the internal factor of feeling good about myself, I will begin making more friends and spending more time with family

Society should work for gender neutrality because it benefits both Essay - 1

Society should work for gender neutrality because it benefits both genders. Agree or disagree - Essay Example Gender Neutrality is beneficial for the society because it will create a balance between the individuals living in the society. There will be a more health working and living environment for the residents of the society irrespective of their genders and sexes. But if the society do not focus on this important aspect then it would be a harmful situation in the coming years of life. Women may feel dis-respect because it is obvious that men are treated as a valuable asset in the society. However, an author is of the opinion that women are playing roles that are more important in the society development (Sandberg & Maria 2). The women are fully involved in the personality building of the new generation minds. It is a famous saying that there is always a woman behind every successful man. Some authors are of the opinion that role distribution is based on the physical strength of the men and women. There can be internal hormonal differences between men and women, which are the basis of the strength of the individual (Perrin 2). Therefore, usually women are not assigned those tasks, which they cannot bear upon their body. There is another research study that boys are stronger than girls (FlorCruz 1). However, many critics argue that we should not make hard and fast rules for the responsibilities of men and women. Rather there should be an open choice or preference for both men and women. The equal opportunity availability also give a psychological value and importance, after this, it would be rest on the women that she can do it or not. Gender neutralists strongly support this point of view. Several Governments are involved in the propagation of the idea of the gender equality in their state. Sweden Government is putting efforts to keep women rights (Abend 3). The idea of gender equality or gender neutralism can only be possible when there are policies, rules and regulations regarding this point. Government should take actions to implement this strategy.

Quality control throughout the life cycle Assignment

Quality control throughout the life cycle - Assignment Example This may require measuring the project performance, modification to work breakdown structure and alternately revising the project management plan, particularly components of plan that include scope management plan, time management plan and cost management plans. Techniques like fast tracking would be one of our major option while planning for the schedule management. Also a number of risks may need to be reviewed including regulatory requirements to procurements and additional resource allocation. Further, effective implementation of a change control system to analyze and accept the changed scope for approval would also be crucial. While managing the triple constraints of scope, time and cost, it is equally essential to effectively manage the quality of the project outcome. According to Sanghera (2010), controlling the quality is a critical to the project management requirement effective mitigation of the project risks. This suggests reviewing the quality management plan and risk management plan to complement the additional scope. Mulcahy (2011) highlights the use of seven basic tools of quality including Cause and effect diagram, Flowchart, Histogram, Pareto chart, Run chart, Scatter diagram, Control chart to monitor and control the project quality. In project with change in scope, a mix of following quality tools is recommended. Flow Charts. Flow Charts helps to identify the source of an existing or potential quality problem in the project and develop approaches to resolving these problems (PMBOK 2008). It is a graphical representation of all the project processes showing activities, their sequence and decision making points. In a construction project with additional scope having a same time bar, flow charts would be used to review the interaction of all activities and analyze any potential problem especially in case of fast tracking. A major merit of flow charts is to consolidate procedures and processes, for

International financial reporting standards (IFRS) - Presentation PowerPoint

International financial reporting standards (IFRS) - - PowerPoint Presentation Example Receiving a single set of overall guidelines will simplify accounting procedures by permitting an organization to utilize one reporting dialect all through. A single standard will also provide investors and auditors with a cohesive view of finances.   As of now, more than 100 nations allow or oblige IFRS for open organizations, with more nations anticipated that would move to IFRS by 2015. Advocates of IFRS as a worldwide standard keep up that the expense of executing IFRS could be balanced by the potential for compliance to enhance credit scores. The list of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and official interpretations are set out by the IFRS Foundation. It incorporates accounting standards either created or embraced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the standard-setting assortment of the IFRS Foundation. The value of financial data is improved on the off chance that it is comparable, understandable, convenient and justifiable (ie improving qualities—less discriminating yet at the same time exceptionally alluring) †¢ To an extensive degree, money related reports are in view of evaluations, judgements and models instead of careful delineations. The Framework creates the ideas that underlie those evaluations, judgements and models In UAE, the bookkeeping calling is spoken to by the Accountants and Auditors Association. In the UAE organizations set up their yearly budgetary explanations inside 2 to 3 months of the end of the monetary year. For the banking industry, as indicated by Central Bank Circular No 20/99, banks, monetary foundations and venture organizations in the UAE are obliged to set up their money related explanations as per the International Accounting Standards with impact from January 1, 1999. In 2006, the Dubai International Financial Centre legitimate system obliges banks and organizations recorded on the Dubai International Foreign Affairs to execute IFRS. All banks recorded

Parents should not allow electronic devices in their children's Essay

Parents should not allow electronic devices in their children's bedrooms - Essay Example Facer et al. (2003) argue that with children spending an average of seven hours per day on different forms of electronic entertainment media, there is need to control their media diet. Limiting the access to such electronic devices at home is a perfect starting point for any parent who intends on reducing their children’s dependence on these forms of entertainment media. According to Facer et al. (2003), creating ‘screen-free’ zones within the home, especially the children’s rooms, is one of the ways parents can minimize the time their children spend on electronic devices. Parents should not allow children to have electronic devices in their bedrooms. This is because the children who have electronic devices in their bedrooms are at a higher risk of suffering the negative impacts of these gadgets due to long exposure hours. The problems that are associated with excessive use of electronic media include eating and sleep disorders, obesity, and difficulties in school because of attention problems. These are problems that most parents would like to protect their children from hence the need to reduce the hours the children are exposed to electronic devices. Sleep deprivation is the other negative effect of electronic devices that affects children. For instance, Boston College survey stated that 75% of children who were allowed to use electronic devices in their bedrooms and a similar proportion aged 9-10 were sleep deprived and had their grades negatively affected (Facer et al., 2003). Of these children, 1 in every 11 is addicted to technology and media. With the children staying late to watch content that promote, among other things, physical and sexual violence, child aggression is likely to increase. Facer et al. (2003) argue that the brains of infants grow between the ages of 0 and 2 years thus providing the appropriate environmental stimulus that is free from electronic devices improves development. Children

Managerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managerial Finance - Essay Example Managerial accounting is in general used by the management team of the company for translating the trends and signals available from the financial information. Different levels of managers often use this information in a somewhat different manner in their own wisdom. The information is often used for Break even analysis, Measuring and evaluating the monthly, quarterly or annual performances or Preparing the targets for production and services.Managerial accounting is in general used by the management team for translating the trends and signals available from the financial information. Different levels of managers often use this information in a somewhat different manner in their own wisdom. The information is often used for Break even analysis, Measuring and evaluating the monthly, quarterly or annual performances or Preparing the targets for production and services.Financial This type of accounting gives an idea to people from outside the company as well as stakeholders from within the company to arrive at a decision regarding their decision to continue with the company or look for a better opportunity. Financial accounting provides information like;ï‚ § Profit and loss figures for the company over a financial year or select period of timeï‚ § Reserves and surpluses being maintained by the companyï‚ § Dividend payouts by the company in the recent pastï‚ § Nature of funding for the company e.g. debt or equityï‚ § Proportion of dependence on finances from outside the company’s own reservesï‚ § Number of stakeholders in the business.... Financial Accounting: This type of accounting gives an idea to people from outside the company as well as stakeholders from within the company to arrive at a decision regarding their decision to continue with the company or look for a better opportunity. Financial accounting provides information like; Profit and loss figures for the company over a financial year or select period of time Reserves and surpluses being maintained by the company Dividend payouts by the company in the recent past Nature of funding for the company e.g. debt or equity Proportion of dependence on finances from outside the company's own reserves Number of stakeholders in the business Operating ratios for assessing the financial health of the company Adherence to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Number and types of external reports generated Judicious plans of the company for disbursing the profits Such information helps investors in looking for long-term or short-term targets for the investments being done in the ABX Company. It is worthwhile here to mention that individual shareholders, banking and financial institutions keep watch on the figures being communicated by the company from time to time. While on the one hand for an individual investor the dividend payouts and the price of the share in the stock market holds the key, the banking and financial institutions keep a close watch on a range of figures like operating ratios, profit margins, PE ratios etc. Therefore, even the dividend payouts and higher prices of company's share on the stock exchanges may not be attractive enough for the banks and financial institutions to advance finances for expansion and diversification. The financial accountant helps in preparing all such reports for the outside to

Application of social learning theory in psychology research Essay Example for Free

Application of social learning theory in psychology research Essay ‘Explaining substance use among Puerto Rican adolescents: a partial test of social learning theory’ is an article by Holly Ventura Miller, Wesley G. Jennings, Lorna L. Alverez-Rivera and J. Mitchell Miller. The article is a 2008 publication in the Journal of Drug Issues Volume 38, issue number 1. In this study, Miller et al (2008) seek to use social learning theory to understand substance use among Puerto Rican adolescents as part of the larger Hispanic group. The importance of social learning is assessed through finding out the effect of differences in an individual’s description of substance use as compared to the description that peers have. This study is based on the view that most adolescents who have friends who are in substance abuse also become substance abusers. Perceptions about drug abuse also seem to be similar with those held by the peers. Social interactions of the youths therefore seem to play a big role in learned behavior and perceptions. Miller et al (2008) have reviewed considerable literature on social learning theory more so the aspect of differential association in acquisition of socially unacceptable behavior. A cross-cultural application of social learning theory forms the center of this study where a group (288 youths) of Puerto Rican adolescents is chosen as the study sample. This study specifically focuses on how peer and personal perception of substance use influence alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use. The survey-type of study was carried among school going youths aged 14-19 years in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The subjects were selected from public and private schools with the sample size from public schools being considerably higher compared to that from private schools (69% versus 31%). The survey was conducted using questionnaires where several variables were assessed. Questionnaires administered in public schools were written in English whereas those issued in public schools were in Hispanic. The study excluded subjects who did not report being Hispanic since ethnicity was a very crucial variable. The adolescents were assessed of their behaviors as regards to alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking and marijuana use. Predictor variables were social learning (definitions on substance abuse) and sex. The control variables in this study were age and belonging to single-parent family. After statistical analyses (logistic regression analyses), it was found out that youths in private schools had a greater lifetime substance use and reported peer influence in the use of the three substances. In addition, males were likely to be involved in use of the three substances under study as opposed to females in both types of schools. In private schools, a significant difference in substance use was noted to exist between males and females. It is also notable that cigarette use among females in public schools was influenced by their views of smoking cigarettes as a favorable behavior. This was also the case with private school males. Personal definitions were also found to play a big role in alcohol consumption. Marijuana use was mainly due to the influence of peers’ definition as opposed to personal definition. Miller et al (2008) therefore concluded that if personal definitions of substance use are favorable, the likelihood of substance abuse is high. Peer definitions are also significantly important determinants of substance abuse as evidenced by marijuana use among Puerto Rican adolescents. Sex is also a determinant factor in influencing substance use. Article 2 The article ‘social learning, self control, and substance abuse by eight grade students: at tale of two cities’ by L. Thomas Winfree Jr. and Frances P. Bernat is a 1998 publication in the Journal of Drug Issue volume 28, issue number 2. In this study, Winfree and Bernat (1998) examine the effectiveness of the social cognitive theory and self control theory in predicting level of substance abuse among a group of eight graders in a large versus a small city. Among the substances the substances that the eight grade students are assessed of include alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among others. This sample is selected from Phoenix, Arizona and Las Cruces, N. M. the cities are choice for this study due to differences in types of crimes thus the authors of this study challenge that the two theories cannot be used to predict substance abuse among the two groups of youths. Winfree and Bernat (2008) argue that the social learning theory is viewed as being able to predict how people develop delinquent behaviors, as well as the environment that is likely to predispose one to delinquent behaviors. As such, it is viewed that substance abuse by youths can be predicted by the social learning theory as long as the social environment of the youth is well understood. On the other hand, Winfree and Bernat (1998) argue that the self control theory indicates that the level of self control determines human behavior especially in consideration of factors such as self interest and tendency to seek pleasure and not pain. In their study, Winfree and Bernet (1998) carried out a wide cross-sectional study in 11 localities including Phoenix and Las Cruces. The subjects who participated in this study gave an informed consent through either parents or guardians. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and the surveyors helped the students in understanding the questions thus improving accuracy of data collected. Dependent variables in this study were use of different substances within the past one year. Social learning independent variables included neutralization, guilt, positive reinforcement and negative pushers. Self control independent variables included parental monitoring, impulsivity and risk-taking. After performing regression analyses, it was evident that there was a low level of substance abuse among Phoenix students who said that they would feel very guilty if their engaged in substance abuse. Higher levels of substance abuse in Phoenix sample was identified among students who agreed greatly to neutralizing statements about negativity of crime. In terms of self control, there was higher substance use among students who reported higher risk taking tendencies. However, parental control and impulsivity did not provide enough data for evaluation. In Las Cruces, it was observed that youths who had seen gangsters and viewed gangsters as having better lifestyles were likely to abuse substances. The same happened with neutralization of negativity of crime. Guilt was not a big determinant of substance abuse in Las Cruces. Conclusively, Winfree and Bernet argue that social learning theory and self control theory can be used to evaluate delinquency in adolescents. From the above two articles, social learning theory emerges as an important tool for predicting substance abuse. Counselors stand to benefit from the understanding of the application of social learning theory in this context since they can be able to associate a certain substance abuse problem to the social influences of the client. By identifying the source of the substance abuse problem using the social learning theory, the counselor is able to provide a way out of the delinquency or substance use. This would include subjecting favorable social environment and statements such that the substance abuse behavior is taken as a negative rather than a positive thing. It would also be helpful for the counselor to suggest a geographical relocation (e. g. school transfer) as an important way of creating the best environment (drug/crime-free environment) for adolescents. References Miller, H. V. , Jennings, W. G. , Alverez-Rivera, L. L. and Miller, J. M. (2008). â€Å"Explaining substance use among Puerto Rican adolescents: a partial test of social learning theory. † Journal of Drug Issues 38(1): 261+. Web. 15, July 2010. Questia. com. Winfree, L. T. and Bernat, F. T. (1998). â€Å"Social learning, self control, and substance abuse by eight grade students: at tale of two cities. † Journal of Drug Issue, 28(2): 539+. Web. 15, July 2010. Questia. com.

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Example for Free

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Sun flower shop is a small flower shop at Petaling Street. The shop has got 500 square feet big only. I have got sell many flower such as sun flowers, orchid, rose, lily, daisy and etc. Then, our shop also has delivery service for customer too. Almost our flower is from Cameron highland but some is imported from oversea. I was started this business since last year December. The beginning of the business is not very good. It is very hard to preserve the business. Sometimes, I may get one or two business in a day and I was carried all the flower to the garden or in front of shopping complex to ask couple buy the flowers from me. I will never forget the period of time memory. Even though, the sky is raining, I still holding the entire flower and ran to the mall. Last month was a busy month for me. I have been did a big promotion for those couple who came to buy flower during the valentine week, such as who has bought above 12 branch of roses will get free delivery service around KL area only , who bought above 24 branch of roses will get 10 % discount and so on. The most luck is i was hired a good helper. She is very good in designing and wrapping flowers. You give her some braches of the flowers and she will make her became a very wonderful bouquet of flowers. Many customers are praising her profusely on her technique of wrapping flower and they always will come back to my shop. So, I have been earned Rm 5000 for last month and I was really happy with it. After the promotion, this month my shop business becomes more stable. Now, I have got my regular customers and business. Besides that, I would like to share good news to you. Yesterday, a boy come to my shop and ordered to send 11 branch roses to his girl friend office for one month and he also order 500 branch roses and 100 lilies for his wedding event on next 2 months. I really get shock and happy to accept this order. Then, I also have been signed agreement with him and he also agreed to pay 50% deposit first. In addition, I also have accepted some order from wedding planner company and long term to provide flowers for them. Finally, I would like tell you my new plan. I have been planned to make my shop be bigger and extensive my business. Besides that, my helper also wants to join in our business. She will invest RM 15000 in our account. So I still holding 50% of the share, you are holding the 25 % of the share and she also is holding 25% of the share. I think end of this year, I will give you the bonus and very fast you can earn back your money. If you free, you are welcome to visit us at KL. I believe I will make the business bigger and I will create a website to our shop, so that people can order through internet.

Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay

Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay This paper explains the circumstances of a parent living with a mental illness and disclaims the assumption that this dilemma at all times results in abuse or neglect six articles are referenced for this paper, providing related research on the topic. Some authors provide examples of adults who live with a mental illness and the struggles to provide and nurture their family. Others support the notion that mental illness, although a difficult ailment, does not always result in an abusive or dysfunctional home. The author examines numerous claims that living with a mental illness puts a family at risk for neglect. The author maintains that this circumstance does not automatically equal abuse in a home, but rather, present hardships to overcome. Parents with Mental Illness: Arguments of an Abusive Home Many opinions conclude that mentally ill parents are not able to care for their children and often create the outcome of a neglectful home. There is a stigma out there that these children of adults with a mental illness are at risk for growing up in an abusive home. Although this may be true in certain instances, there is much research to counter this argument and provide support that a high percentage of mentally ill parents work very hard to overcome and handle their obstacles, and provide a loving and functional home. To further understand the background of the issue this topic should be looked into with great detail. The purpose of this paper is to do just that, by giving evidence for and against the topic, by looking into ways that some families adjust and how others dont. This paper looks into claims that go along with the assumption of abuse stemming from a home with mental illness and provides statistics against it, and in support of parents being able to deal with these kind s of difficulties. Much research has been done in the area of effects of mental illness in the family. One of which was an article by authors Swartz, Swanson, Hiday, Borum, Wagner, and Burns (1998) that suggests that the presence of a mental illness are often times associated with serious violent acts, according to the Violence and Severe Mental Illness article. It explains how adults with psychiatric problems often times self medicate with alcohol or other substances instead of regularly taking their prescribed medication. The medication noncompliance, substance abuse, and overall mental illnesses create a huge problem within a family. Individuals in this position cannot take care of themselves; much less keep a family healthy. With all the stress stated previously, often times a parent may become violent as a way of coping. It was found that alcohol or other drug abuse problems  combined with poor adherence to medication may signal a higher  risk of violent behavior among persons with severe ment al illness (Violence and Severe Mental Illness). Within this type of a situation children become withdrawn, scared, and depending on the age may begin acting out themselves. There has been other research, like this, that shows a correlation between violent and neglectful homes and parents with a mental illness. These tend to aim more towards the lack of proper medication and instead, the substitute of alcohol or other drugs by the parent. One such article by Danson , Gold, Barreira, and Fisher (2008) indicates that as unhealthy as the mentally ill parent is, the child is as equally effected, if not more so. Research by Danson et al. (2008) revealed that situations with severe substance  abuse by a parent,  there is a high recurrence of less frequent parent-child  contact. The more a parent turns to substances to self medicate, there is less and less contact with their children. This is where most people draw the conclusion that a parent with a mental illness, results in a negl ectful or abusive home. Studies have shown that this results in lifelong problems in kids, such as a feeling of isolation, separation anxiety, boundary issues, anger, and depression. Children need their parents to be present. Even if struggling with a mental illness, a child needs their parent involved in their lives. Although there is much research that views adults with mental illnesses as precursors to neglectful and abusive parents, there is a great deal of studies that argue against it. Rethink is a severe mental illness foundation, aiming to assist those suffering, family who are affected, as well as a goal of clearing up any misconceptions glued to this illness. Their overall conclusions are being a parent with mental illness can be both challenging and rewarding. People often stigmatize and assume that children born to people with mental illness will experience social and emotional difficulties, that they may be abused or neglected. But parents with mental illness can be good parents if they receive appropriate support (Parents with Mental Illness). This is where the argument comes in. The opposing views from earlier in the paper were accurate in the sense that it is difficult to deal with side effects of medications and many parents living with a mental illness self medicate instead. But this is not true in many instances. Numerous studies have shown that many parents dealing with this issue take the proper steps to mend themselves and their families. The main i dea of Rethink seemed to state that despite the stigma attached to psychological illnesses, these families are just as capable of having a functional relationship as those who are lucky enough not to face this obstacle. It was found that often times the family of a loved one dealing with a mental illness, is forgotten. Between all the chaos and stress of helping the hurting individual, the family takes a back seat. The family member with a mental illness is not always able to care for family and both parents tend to focus on fixing the one in pain. It is shown that many mentally ill parents are afraid to lose their children, and because of this work very hard to mend what was broken and create as peaceful of a life as they can. They are getting the help they need to be able to take care of their children. A high percentage are making their family lives thrive, not giving up and neglecting their children. There is support to show that a great number of mentally ill adults are reachin g out to appropriate support. Some of these summarized in the article included the many ways parents try to mend their family and the ways they reach out. Such as, education classes for parenting and support groups, it is important to receive help from outside support to improve the environment surrounding the family, as well as positive friendships and peer relationships. These tactics greatly contribute to helping an individual dealing with the chaos of a mental illness, become balanced again. Talking with others who understand the difficulties and reaching out to those who can help, give a parent peace of mind. And this sets them up for success. In addition to this article, Coping with Mental Illness summarizes the many outlets adults with a mental illness have to helping their children and affected family members succeed, once they are balanced themselves. Numerous instances prove that children of mentally ill parents as well as other family members in these situations do not al ways receive the care and nurturing they need. They may feel ashamed to talk about their situation with others and consequently may withdraw from relatives or friends who could help them or support them. Often unable to articulate their needs, even to themselves, these individuals frequently feel isolated and alone (Coping with Mental Illness in the Family). Its extremely difficult for a child to know exactly whats going on when their parent is breaking down, where to turn for help, or what to do to help the family. In these instances, families who have made it through and made the situation better, have reached out for help. Research shows that these families have discussions about understanding that a parent is mentally ill and acknowledge how this is going to affect the other members of the family. News ways of taking care of each individual are discussed and boundaries are drawn, so that certain people arent being taken advantage of or acting outside of their familial role. Lear ning a new way to deal with old unhealthy family patterns also gives family members a leg up. The cycle of harmful family habits can be broken and new communications started. From these two viewpoints, a conclusion must be drawn that whether or not a family is going to pull through a difficult time as this, it depends on the individuals and the amount of assistance they receive as well as the amount of effort they are willing to put into making their family function. It is clear that mentally ill parents have a tough burden to work through. Living with a mental illness is difficult, and many individuals have a tough time functioning and finding a balance. Because some have a hard time making it, their families suffer. Children may be abused and neglected by a parent who isnt in their right state of mind, but studies show that this is not the norm. Many parents have helpful resources in and outside the family. Many take on the challenge of finding the correct medication. And many work extremely hard to take care of themselves, so they can in turn take care of their family. Evidence shows, a high percentage of families with a mentally ill parent, get throug h life just fine.

The Death Of Liberal America Essay -- essays research papers

Americans seem to have lost any sense whatsoever of what liberalism means and what it strives to insure. Liberals have insisted that tyranny can only be combated by the multiplication and fragmentation of power. A free society is one in which there are various centers of power, various positions from which people have the ability to influence decisions. That’s the whole point behind creating three branches of government, the vaunted â€Å"separation of powers.† Liberalism aims to insure peace and prevent tyranny in pluralistic societies. Liberalism strives to place lots of individual actions outside the pale of politics and beyond interference from the state or other powers. And, culturally, it strives to promote tolerance, where tolerance is, at a minimum, indifference to the choices and actions of others and, at best, a recognition that diversity yields some social benefits. Liberalism guarantees through freedoms of speech, the press, and association, and through the institutional mechanisms of election, jury trials, and legislative deliberations, the active engagement of citizens with one another. Liberals should promote in every way possible the existence of a vibrant, accessible, and uncensored civil society. In short, liberalism proliferates the occasions where citizens of different opinions, backgrounds, creeds etc. mingle with one another, express their views, and argue about specific issues. And in some, but not all cases, these settings have to move to a decision that is then accepted, even when not very satisfying, by all the parties involved. Democratic procedures of decision making which guarantee to all interested parties their chance to say their piece (their chance to sway others by argument), and use the vote and majority rule to adjudicate differences, are a vital liberal expedient for keeping the peace. That’s because democracy, amazingly enough, has proven an astoundingly effective way to get people to accept - peacefully - the fact that they have ended up on the losing side of a political debate that was resolved by a vote. Liberalism, we might say, relies to some extent on the desire of all the participants to maintain the social peace. But even more fundamentally, it expects that the process of deliberation will move participants to an appreciation of the others involved, and the desire to come to an eventual decision that satisfies as m... ... strife. There are few things worse in this world than sectarian violence. Do the Republicans really know what fire they are playing with when they encourage sectarian divisiveness? And just look at the electoral map of the past two presidential elections. The South and the West are lined up against the Pacific Coast States and the North. We haven’t had such a regional divide since 1860. How long can California and the Northeast be shut out from national power? A population hardened into set divisions, a population without a big percentage of swing voters is in bad shape; a population where those divisions correspond to geographic boundaries is really courting disaster. If the South and West maintain their current coalition, we have a reversion to the regionalism that culminated in the Civil War. Certainly, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that the South continues to be the fly in the ointment of American democracy. It has never been as fluid in its awarding of votes in national elections as the other regions, and that has been a constant problem. The fact remains â€Å"If you aren’t outraged, you aren’t paying attention.† Seems like a lot of people aren’t paying attention.

Italy in World War II Essay -- Essays Papers

Italy in World War II World War II, which only lasted about five years, changed the course of history forever, and affected millions of lives. Among the major nations that were involved in the war, Benito Mussolini and his Italian army sought to settle their differences with many nations. Benito’s fascist views, his idea of a nation built by one race, and his relationship with Adolf Hitler ultimately led to his involvement in the war. His responsibility, in essence, was to ally himself with the superpowers of the world, and lead his people into a war that they could not fight. "Il Duce", (the leader), was the name that Benito Mussolini gave himself as his rise to power in Italy continued. He led the people of Italy with the mind set and many of the same ideas that Hitler used in Germany. "†¦ a tendency had been developing in Italy in favor of closer relations with Germany, both politically and economically." (1) Mussolini, along with Hitler, pushed towards a nation that was free of Jews, and would consist solely of the "perfect man". Mussolini’s goal was to create an ultimate Italian empire, in alliance with Hitler’s Germany. (2) "The manner in which Mussolini and the Fascist Party gained possession of the government was regarded in most foreign circles as an illegal act of violence." (3) As the nation of Italy began to suffer great debts, Mussolini had been summoned by the King to form a government to aid in the economic needs. This marked the birth of the Fascist Party in Italy. In the beginning of his rise to the top, Mussolini was popular amongst his people. His popularity was high, and people began to trust in his judgment and ideas. (4) He was, in essence, saving the people from the turmoil that had ensued the nat... ...hat they controlled, but affected the history of the world from then on. End Notes 1. Villari, Luigi. Italian Foreign Policy Under Mussolini. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1956 2. "Benito Mussolini in Pictures". 3 March 2000. Factual information on Mussolini. http://www.gvn.net/~lowe/mussolini/1.htm 3. See Villari 4. "World War II" (1939-1945) http://infoplease.lycos.com/ipa/A0001288.html 2000 Lycos, Inc. (March 2, 2000) 5. See Villari 6. Deakin, F.W. The Brutal Friendship. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1962. 7. See Deakin 8. See Villari 9. Smith, Denis Mack. "Benito Mussolini" http://gi.grolier.com/wwii.wwii_mussolini.html Grolier Online Publishing (March 3, 2000) 10. See Villari 11. See Villari

The Human Brain versus Computers :: Technology Neurology Sensory Organs Essays

The Human Brain versus Computers In the past few decades we have seen how computers are becoming more and more advance, challenging the abilities of the human brain. We have seen computers doing complex assignments like launching of a rocket or analysis from outer space. But the human brain is responsible for, thought, feelings, creativity, and other qualities that make us humans. So the brain has to be more complex and more complete than any computer. Besides if the brain created the computer, the computer cannot be better than the brain. There are many differences between the human brain and the computer, for example, the capacity to learn new things. Even the most advance computer can never learn like a human does. While we might be able to install new information onto a computer it can never learn new material by itself. Also computers are limited to what they â€Å"learn†, depending on the memory left or space in the hard disk not like the human brain which is constantly learning everyday. Computers can neither make judgments on what they are â€Å"learning† or disagree with the new material. They must accept into their memory what it’s being programmed onto them. Besides everything that is found in a computer is based on what the human brain has acquired though experience. In addition, emotions can be only transmitted by the human brain and cannot be programmed into a computer. One of the reasons is there are too many emotions to be described and they can be a mixture of feelings that it would be hard to put it into one category. Furthermore, the computer wouldn’t have the ability to know to what situation he should apply certain emotion. And different emotions can be applied to the same situation; it all depends on the experiences in our past. Emotions are personal and are different for every person and it would have to be different for every computer. Another difference between the human brain and the computer is, the creativity of the human brain. For instance humans can create art, act in plays, or write stories and songs but computers can only help us in these activities not come up with them. While computers can help us solve math problems and find answers to certain questions it can never think of new solutions until they have been programmed into them. Furthermore computers cannot create new games or produce anything they desire like humans.

Families Are Not as Close as They Used to Be Essay

With divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it is generally accepted that families today ate not as close as they used to be. Discuss the causes of this prblem and offer some possible solutions to it. Divorce rates were increasing faster than few decades ago, it is not a rare thing that happens in daily life. Many families have to change to previous life and to adjust the inconveniences. In the essay, I intend to discuss the relevant reasons behind this phenomenon. Chief among these causes is the modern lifestyle. Since the financial stresses are heavier than past years, parents need to have a double-income to support their family, which will help them to get a better quality of life. Admittedly, it is very difficult to have a sufficient education under parentless environment. They are departed from their parents most of times. Without a doubt, they feel alienated and have to face the time being alone. Another contributing reason is the ways of entertainment have been changed to internet related activities, which only involved single player. In order to resolve this problem, I believe we must first address its root causes. If one of parents can have more time to stay at home and to take care of their children, they will feel less alienated. In the situation of receiving the incentive from government, one of parents could fully education their children and don’t need to worry about the financial constrains. Yet, the incentive might not bring as much compensation as the income from working does. Parents could at least remain the fundamental quality of the life, at the same time, to soften the hardship of their family. One further measure would be to promote more interact leisure activities from local government and thorough any public efforts. In the conclusion, I believe that it is a clear problem of such complex that no solution in a short term. However, I believe the measure outlined above will lay a good basis to start.

Cipla

foundation Cipla Limited is an Indian pharmaceutic high society, Founded by nationalist Indian scientist Khwaja Abdul Hamied as The Chemical, industrial & Pharmaceutical Laboratories . Cipla laid foundations for the Indian pharmaceutic industry way back in 1935 with the vision to make India self-reliant and independent in health give care. Legacy of innovation and an entrepreneurial spirit ingrained by the founder, Dr. K. A Hamied and propounded by the bow Chairman and Managing Director, Dr. Yusuf Khwaja Hamied .Over the old 77 years, Cipla has emerged as one of the al much or less respected pharmaceutical names non save in India but globewide. The high society? s conductquarter is in Mumbai, India. Cipla produces one of the widest range of crops and dosage forms in the demesne today, everything from metered-dose inhalers, pre-filled syringes, trans-dermal nebulizer patches, lyophilized injections, nasal sprays, medical examination devices, and thermo reactive foams . The guild R scourue is or so 6977 one million million million and turnover is around 1 billion. Cipla? Business dumbfound is based on planetary strategical alliances and focus on pursuing constituent(a) maturement while reducing peachy commitment and regulatory/litigation risks. Cipla makes doses to cover cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, weight control, depression and legion(predicate) other health conditions, and its yields are distributed in virtually every arena of the world. And in all probability best-known pop outside its home country for pioneering the manufacture of low-cost anti-AIDS drugs for HIV-positive patients in maturement countries.It has played a similarly freehanded role in expanding access to drugs to armed combat influenza, respiratory disease and cancer. Cipla has over 34 state-of-the-art manufacturing units which take aim a bun in the oven been approved by various Ministries of Health and Regulatory political science give car e US FDA, WHO, MCC -South Africa, MHRAUK, TGA-Australia among others. In addition, Cipla? s manufacturing facilities are GCMP compliant in obligingness with national and world(prenominal) standards. With over 2000 products in 65 therapeutic areas, Cipla? product portfolio comprises of spry Pharmaceutical Ingredients(APIs), Formulations for Human and Animal healthcare and OTC products. Cipla has the technological powers of manufacturing products in most dosage forms crosswise therapeutic categories, which offers the confederation a unique competitive advantage. Cipla has take in a name for maintaining world-class tone across all its products and services. With the dedication of its 20,000 employees, Cipla continues to support, rectify and save millions of lives with its high-quality drugs and innovative devices and is focused towards its commitment.Cipla win Chemexcil Award excellence for exports in 1980, wins study award for supremacyful commercialization of furtherance funded R&D in 1988. Cipla accepted the Thomson Reuters India Innovation Award in 2012. imaginativeness Cipla started with a vision to attain a healthy India MISSSION OF THE COMPANY To make the disembodied spirit of the patients better. CIPLA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CIPLA? S research capabilities are extensive, from Chemical Synthesis, Delivery Systems and medical Devices to Process Engineering, Animal Health Products, Neutraceuticals and Biotechnology.Today, across 170 countries, there are millions of patients who slump forth to use a Cipla product to prevent, to cure, or for imprint from suffering. In their cure and relief lies th e ultimate purpose of what they do. At Cipla, this has been the driving force skunk continuous collect for quality. The caller-out es produce not just to meet international peculiar(prenominal)ations, but to exceed, to excel, to meet what they call the Cipla benchmark. In fact, they have set standards for the world to hook up with and have c ontributed to more than 125 monographs in the last 15 years to British,European, US and international pharmacopoeia. Today companies from around the world analysek strategic alliances with Cipla for product development, technical foul support and marting. In a crushed way, the companionship even help countries set up their pharmaceutical infrastructure and take away their professionals, contributing to their quest for self-reliance just the way they began healing India, seven decades ago. as inspiring has been Cipla? s fight against asthma. They social functionnered with the medical fraternity to shatter myths, spread sense and empowered asthma patients to lead a fuller life.The company have the worlds largest range of asthma medication and delivery systems. This relentless commitment to asthma inspired to set up the knocker Research Foundation. It? s one of the a couple of(prenominal) Institutes in the world that? s give to clinical and allied research in the field of C hronic Respiratory Diseases. CHANGES In the past few years, Cipla has changed its dodging in a number of areas from region, to product to humankind resources to prevent a future meltdown from eroding margins. Till now, the names Cipla and Yusuf Hamied have been virtually interchangeable.After all, Hamied was the one who put the generic drug company onto the world affair when he provided many health care systems in developing countries with cheaper versions of unaffordable AIDS drugs, do instant icons out of himself and his company . Today, however, Hamied is no longer steering the drug noble on a daily al-Qaida and Cipla, inculpatewhile, is engineering a quiet gyration on its own attracting outside talent, which it has neer done before and venturing into bracing grime in order to avoid an existential crisis when the patent cliff expires in a few years.Simply put, the company has begun a quest for a growth trajectory that entrust generate sustainable profits in the future. While we may call it a transformation,? it is a reasonable and justifiable addition or next step to their flowing strengths The change is required to open immature avenues of growth for the company, and not lose out on opportunities that come with a ledge life, particularly the patent cliff in 2012-17, for both small molecules and biologics, says Aashish Mehra, managing director, Strategic finality Group.Cipla? s upstart reconceptualisation has boosted its stock wrong from Rs 317 in June to Rs 395 in September. Marketing itself by chance the biggest change in the company? s dodging is the jettisoning of its focus on volumeled growth and a translation to an inorganic, profitability-focused one. A rudimentary indication of this is the company? s willingness to tend on to the front-end in developed markets like the US, where, so far, it has operated primarily by collaborators for gross sales and distribution of its products.Re centimeimeimely, Cipla started fili ng applications self-assertively with the US Food and Drugs Administration (USFDA), seeking approval for its own generic products, which it plans to market on its own while assembling a separate sales team there. The tend is aimed at getting more encourage for products and technology, says Cipla Director S Radhakrishnan in an fundamental interaction with Business Standard. This is a laudable move, say analysts, in a company that had the strength, but, it was so far unrealised. Over the last few years, while all of Cipla? peers have bountiful primarily on the back of their success in the US market, Cipla had adopted a seemingly faulty strategic purpose to limit its exposure to this market, says a youthful report on Cipla by IDFC Securities. minded(p) Cipla? s extensive product repertoire, proven R&D capabilities and extensive manufacturing network, we recall it has all the ingredients to succeed in the US market despite its relatively recent entry, it adds. (Ciplas changing landscape) The change in system is not limited to just the US and other developed markets.The company is besides actively planning joint ventures and even acquisitions to strengthen its position in break markets like Tur primal, Morocco, Brazil and Nigeria. However, company insiders call down that transformation does not necessarily mean a complete departure from its present approach. The spirit of the company cannot change, at least not entirely. We will continue with our canonic mantra of low-cost drug making, says the Cipla official. We are to a fault looking at consolidation with partners as one of the options in some nominate markets, he adds.This can probably inform what Cipla has recently done in China. In order to streamline investments there, the company has rejigged its business in order to focus more on its core areas. While the drug churchman has exited a significant part of its investment in Chinese partner Desano Holdings, it has ploughed part of the funds int o specific units that manufacture biosimilars and niche active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The quest for higher margins An imminent transition can be seen in Cipla? s product portfolio.The company is gradually work shift focus to high-margin products, such as oncology drugs and inhalers from tender-based anti-retroviral medicines. No surprise as to why it is doing so its margins are slated to halve themselves from 21. 3 per cent in FY10 to an estimated 11. 9 per cent in FY14. tally to Mehra, Cipla may perhaps be best known outside India by its landmark low-priced, anti-HIV products, but, it also needs to promise adjust markets with quality products, across segments. Cipla should justly be proud of its image of be a low-cost drug maker? ut the anti-retrovirals had been quite low-margin for Cipla, and changing the product mix towards more high-value products, such as the inhalers for the regulated markets, would help shore up margins, says Mehra. Praful Bohra, senior anal yst at Nirmal acknowledge Securities, says two years ago, the contribution from anti-retroviral drugs was 20-25 per cent while today, it has fallen to 15 per cent. According to analysts, the falling margins in anti-retroviral drugs due to goon ambition from multinational, as well as domestic companies has triggered the shift towards new avenues.Regional shift The rationalisation can also be viewed through the export contribution from various geographies. According to the IDFC report, contribution of Africa which is primarily a tender business market to congeries exports declined from 42 per cent in the pecuniary year 2010-11 to 40 per cent in 2011-12, with absolute sales remaining flat, year-on-year. In contrast, the share of Europe and Australasia grew from 26 per cent in monetary year 2010-11 to 30 per cent in 201112 with sales growing at 32 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively.Cipla also plans to increase its focus on domestic markets, with introduction of its offering s in new therapeutic segments, such as oncology and neuropsychiatry. The company is the market leader in find therapeutic areas, such as respiratory care, anti-viral and urological Cipla plans to focus on growing its market share and sales by increase penetration in the Indian market, especially in rural areas, a recent report by Angel Broking said. The company? s distribution network in India consists of a field force of around 7,000 employees. The company? new offerings would also take on biosimilars, especially those in the oncology, anti-asthmatic and anti-arthritis categories. They already have the pipeline in place (Avastin, Herceptin, Enbrel, among others), and would profit from having the commercial footprint in regulated markets at the earliest, points Mehra. Cipla has already invested $165 million in India and China to acquire facilities and build new ones for its foray. The company? s sugar in the first quarter of the financial year 2012-13 have begun to demonstrate t he potential of these initiatives.During the financial quarter ended June 2011, the company? s gross margin spread out by 490 bps, year-on-year, to 61. 8 per cent, mainly on account of a better product mix, which had lower proportion of anti-retroviral in saying exports and higher proportion of domestic saying sales. Strengthening of the balance sheet has been a learn focus area for Cipla in the last few years and the benefits of surd efforts are clearly visible, says Nitin Agarwal of IDFC. People maybe the biggest catalyst of the change that Cipla is going through is because of a radical new strategy regarding management hires. Cipla has traditionally not been aggressive about hiring senior management force out from outside the organisation. However, there seems to be a clear change in strategy on this front, reflective of the transformation afoot(predicate) into a more aggressive unit, says Agarwal in the report. According to Bohra, this also reflects increasing professiona lism in the company, which is also essential to surviving cut-throat competition in the industry. Over the past year, Cipla has leased people in the key functions of finance, international business and strategy, from competitors such as lupin and Dr Reddy? . In July, Cipla announced the hiring of Frank Peters (ex-Teva and GSK) to head its respiratory business and the European join region. Also, two Hamied scions Kamil (31) and Samina (36), children of Yusuf Hamied? s brother M K Hamied are on Cipla? s senior management team since 2010 and 2011, respectively. Analysts see this as an attempt to address key investor concerns on succession planning. These are key moves that were long overdue for a company that is yet to harness its full potential.

DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS Essay

IntroductionLeadership and management, these are two words we use on daily basis. But the questions like how do we realise good leaders, what qualities, attitude, style and behaviour do they exhibit, are frequent. The ability to lead is not connected to education, although most leaders what are intelligent people. Many qualities required for a leader are also possessed by managers.Although it is unique to everyone there are a total number of common ways.I think, by developing our leadership skills, we are assured a more rewarding and successful career. There is no doubt that, leadership potential can be developed. With commitment, effort and practice, anybody can move beyond the skills you how are born with to be an excellent leader.â€Å"The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are born—that there is a genetic factor to leadership.Leadership differs to direction.

Bennis. Globalisation has resulted in diversity. To maximise contribution, each organisation and its managers are now challenged with creating inclusive cold working environment. They need to understand effective leadership style and culture to build trust and effective relationship.There are various means of considering leadership, that vary extract from focusing on the character traits of leadership that is excellent to highlighting facets of the scenario that help determine how folks lead.The strategies how that were effective yesterday are not necessarily effective in the same situation today†-QuinnLook more:  strategic management process essayIn order to face the growing competition in the market, it is very urgent for organisations to build potential leader. Developing strategic management and leadership skills should be a part of organisations’ actions.1.1 Explain the link between strategic management wired and leadership Strategic Management consists of t he analysis of any organisation, decision making and necessary actions in order to create and sustain competitive advantages.It is merely one of many other assets a thriving manager must possess.

Usually it is considered as the responsibility for the overall direction of the organization sums up what strategic management is all about. It can consider also define as the process of identifying and executing the organisation’s strategic goals (mission, vision and objectives) by matching its capabilities with the demand of its environment.Strategic senior management contains a set of managerial decisions. Leadership is the ability of a person to get other willingly to follow.Its something which is accomplished when a individual motivates individuals in a group.Equally, a good leader free will also be a manager. Majority of practical people are interested primarily in what they have to do, and not whether it should be labelled ‘leadership’ or ‘management’ or both. â€Å"It is very true that I have said that I considered Napoleon’s presence in the field equal to forty thousand other men in the balance† —Duke of Wellington. Difference between strategic management and leadershipManagement| Leadership|Intended to plan, organize, co-ordinate and evaluate| Job is to inspire and motivate| management administrate the organisation| Leaders innovate | senior Management tries to maintain the organisation| Leaders tries to develop| Focused on system and structure| Focuses on people|They focus on the present situation | They look towards future| React to problems logical and issues| Proactive to issues and problem| Prefer to control| Knows how to delegate|Minimising risk| Taking risk|  There are thousands of examples for leaders in the world.Leadership and top management arent synonymous.

2 Analysis of impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decision There are different leadership and management styles. Different various styles work well in different situations. They are based on different assumptions and theories. Strategic decisions taken by leaders depend upon their style.Leaders that are supportive understand and good sense women and men feel.2. Democratic styleThe leader involves employees in the decision making. This kind of style is usually appreciated by the employees or subordinate. how This style would bring problems in a situation where there are wide ranges of opinion and there is no well-defined way of taking the first final decision.They also need to make sure they manage change effectively.

Transactional leadershipThe assumption behind this kind of leadership is that people how are motivated by rewards and an organisation work well with a clear chain of command. This kind of leader works thorough creating all clear structures. Subordinates duty  will be well defined and also the reward they get for following the orders. Punishments are not always mentioned, but they how are also well-understood and formal systems of discipline are usually in place.Your leaders are the best factor on your companys capability.Transformational leaderThis style is based on the assumption deeds that employees will follow a leader who motivates them and a person with vision and passion can achieve anything. Transformation strong leadership start with the development of a vision, a view and path to future. That will excite and converter the employees. Transformational religious leaders are so committed always.Youre a pioneer, even in case you dont know it.

Understanding the situation 3. Applying appropriate skills and techniques.Leaders having different styles empty can have different levels of key elements. So the way and level in which they identify their personality can differ."Every leader has a certain style of political leadership thats innate.Especially when a strategic decision needs to made quickly. The impact of this style is for many people, this style feels harsh, a first great possibility of demotivation. Rest of people  assured leader can demonstrate consideration and compassion for team while using the Autocratic style, even though the team is not directly involved in the decision. There are situations in which leader wants input from employees or teams.Leaders are common now.

There is a more common thought that leaders who listen considerately to their follower’s opinion before making final decision get good result as compared to non-listeners. In the case of democratic style, the leader gives up ownership and control of a decision and allows the group to vote. Advantage of this own style is fairly fast decision, and an amount of group participation. No organisation or leader can implement a single style to deal with the multitude of decision that needs to be made during change process (Nancy, 2007).It could mean the folks who own and short run the company.Charismatic leadership style got few drawbacks. The complaint against Lord Browne was administration by media and business associates fuelled his charismatic new style and he ignored day to day core business activities.1.3 How leadership styles can be adopted to different situations? Success of an political organisation or a group dependent on the effectiveness of the leader.When employees are empowered theyre more prone to make decisions which are at the very best interest of the particular client and the organization also.

Leaders must be up to date of the situations. Leaders must be prepared to step in and show the way in all kind of situations.Different style can be adapted to different situations in relation to 1. Business- situations 2.Are such far more likely to reveal their very own loyalty the moment it matters.We know that high risk situation needs very strong and active direct involvement by the leader to keep it control. The people or team members: – In every organisation, there will have different different kind of employees or members.Differ by characters, talents, skills, attitude etc. identifying the team members is a tough task.IT leadership theory Learn the best way to be.

He made a resolution to transform GE into one of the world biggest firm. With his unique leadership style and character, Welch made history during his 2-decade journey at GE. His way of leading was based on some concepts. Lead, not manage:- according to him political leadership can be found in as long as they come up with good ideas and can energize rather than depress and control.Face reality: – good company was losing its market values and there was too much bureaucracy when Jack Welch joined the company. He realised the social realities and brought out strategies and  initiatives that made things better. Simplify the business: – his goal at GE was simplify the business. He didn’t think deeds that business had to be complicated.It can mean opportunities, good ideas, new business or new products (kevin, 2007). Lead by more energizing others, not managing by authority: – Welch called his leadership ideal ‘boundary less’, which means an open organization, free of bureaucracy logical and anything that prevents the free flow of ideas, people and decisions (kevin, 2007). His choice was inspiring others to perform well. red Lead by doing- one of the leadership style adapted by GEInformation technology is critical to the future of GE.The basic assumption behind the theory is that individual characteristics’ make how them suitable leaders only in certain situations. Each situation requires a leader to vary behaviour to fit the conditions. In other words, there is no right or wrong way in leading all the time. Fred Fiedler’s contingency theoryIn 1967, Fred Fiedler proposed his contingency theory.

According to Fielder, the direct relationship oriented style is more effective in situations which are intermediate in favourableness. When an intermediate situation is present, the leader can self help to build confidence and cohesion by focusing on the personal needs of the individuals (Henman, 2007). Hersey and Blanchard theoryIt is another situational theory. This economic theory was introduced 10 year after Fiedler’s theory.That is, followers are not mature or immature in any total or chronological sense; rather, they have varying degrees of maturity depending on knowledge of or experience with a specific goal (Henman, 2007). Leader-style theoryThis theory was introduced by Vroom and Yetton. They explain the different ways leader can make decisions and necessary following guidelines for leader in order to determine the extent to which subordinate should participated in decision making. Charismatic leadershipCharisma, as explained by Max Weber, is a certain good qual ity of individual personality, by virtue of which he or she is apart from ordinary people and treated as a personality with exceptional power or qualities.An effective leader needs to diagnose the needs and wants of followers and then react accordingly.The impact of different theories of management on organisational strategy will be different. giant IBM needs extraordinary leaders who can create high-performance work climates and foster employee engagement; people who not only succeed but enable others to as well. A disciplined process of identifying and developing high achievers and leaders has been a main stone of IBM’s strategy to regain market political leadership in the IT industry.As Fiedler explained, task oriented leaders are very effective when conditions are favourable or unfavourable. When conditions are favourable, members relations how are strong, there is a positive relation between team and leader. Hence new strategies can bring and work it out well so easily. In unfavourable certain circumstances or in stressful situations, a leader’s structure and control can remove undesirable ambiguity and the anxiety that goes with it.

2.2 Create a leadership strategy that support organisational direction Leadership strategy for General ElectricsThe General Electric Company, or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York. Company operates in five sectors via energy, technology infrastructure, capital finance, consumer andindustrial.It old has been almost a decade since Jack Welch retired as GE’s chairman and CEO, the brain behind the success of GE.If we consider their way in which they lead, and how their decisions, it is clear that they preferred transformational leadership style. Even though both used the same style, Jack Welch had been more opposite extreme than his successor. Leadership strategy: – choosing a best leadership style is the major step in leadership strategy. Leadership at company such like GE is very crucial.It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals and includes assessing followers’ motives, satis fying their needs, and treating them as full human beings†- (Northouse). The reason behind the selection of this leadership style is this style motivates the followers. The leader and followers are full well aligned in this system. A transformational leader can motivate the followers by setting challenging goals.We have seen the different leadership style and their impact on organisation. Even though, no particular leadership style is better always. It depends on the situations. The best style GE can use is transformational leadership because of based its unique advantages.

The leaders should have collective capabilities like providing direction, motivate the followers, engaging employees in decision making and to gain their active support in implementing planned cross-functional actions, implementing successful innovations, adapting to change, ensuring transparency just like former leaders, developing talents logical and being responsive to customers like Jeffrey Immlet. Since the corporate strategy is becoming more global, it require greater cultural sensitivity among leaders, enhanced representation of different geographies at top level, enhanced language skills to enable cross cultural relationships and greater understanding of local laws and business arrangement in strategy making.3.1 Use appropriate different methods to review current leadership requirement We know the important of leaders.These programs build perfect foundation for accelerating  learning and development in a particular domain, from commercial to operations, from human res ources to information management, from finance and communications to modern technology (GE, Leadership Programs, 2013).There are more than 300,000 employees in GE. The company operates through different sector. GE consistently ranks as the most admired and respected new company in the world.CEO of GE believes that ideal situation for a global firm was to have its factory on a barge that you could first move around the world to wherever it was the best competitive environment at the time. Their strategy is to expand business globally, instead of just looking for alliances.Fast moving anti Globalisation opens new opportunities for a global firm like GE. Hence leadership requirement at GE is tremendous.But they need leaders not only in quantity great but also in quality.3.2 Plan for the development of future situations requiring leadership Requirement of leaders in the GE increases. Leaders are logical not only required in the top level but also in the various bottom levels also.

Leadership Programs: – GE has various leadership programs. As part of their strategy to achieve commercial excellence and drive organic growth, they are developing a pipeline of strong sales logical and marketing leaders at GE through  the Commercial Leadership Program (CLP).CLP offers a curriculum that boosts the development of commercial skills and various techniques that are critical to success in all GE businesses. CLP prepares candidates for a successful career in sales or first commercial operations by providing the opportunity to learn about GE’s products, industry, and customers while making valuable contributions to the on-going success of GE.As compared to their profit growth, they need more to build leadership qualities in their employees. Human resource leadership program: – In GE’s Human Resources Leadership Program people are gaining real-world business experience, contributing to GE businesses and getting in first line for HR leaders hip roles across the company.HRLPs can build countless HR leaders within GE. Experienced commercial leadership programs: – The Experienced Commercial Leadership Program (ECLP) prepares time MBA graduates and experienced professionals for GE leadership roles in marketing and sales.But under certain specific condition, they need specific skills. The more basic skill required for leaders are explained below.Integrity: – this is the basic quality of a leader. This quality makes people trust the leader.They can speak openly logical and accurately about their limitations. Self-regulation: – People who are in control of their feelings and sudden  temptation are able to create an environment of public trust and fairness. Appropriate self-regulators are usually thoughtful and resist making impulsive decisions. These are definite qualities of a good leader.

Communication skills: – to deliver leader’s idea properly, private communication skill is very necessary. A good communicator can pay attention and listen carefully. Lead by example: – One of the best ways to red lead is by example – use where needed, lending a helping hand, and making sure that the work you do is clearly understood by apply your team. Leadership skills strataplex: –Leadership skill requirements are often described as being stratified by organizational level.They are comprised of those skills related to basic cognitive capacities, such as collecting, processing, and disseminating information and learning and are the fundamental skills required for a large portion of the activities in which political leaders are engaged (Mumford, 2007) .These skills include skills like oral communication, written communication, ability to learn and adapt etc. 2. Interpersonal SkillsThese are skill relating to interacting keyword with and influe ncing others.Strategic SkillsStrategic skill requirements are highly conceptual skills needed to take a systems perspective to understand complexity, deal with ambiguity, and to  effect political influence in the organization (Mumford, 2007). This includes skills for planning, visioning etc. â€Å"Leaders are not born, they are grown†- this is the word by the heavenly father of management, Peter Drucker. Leadership ability is not an inborn skill most times.1. Entry level program or Commercial leadership program (CLP) is an example for it. The CLP is a 12 to 24 month program that develops marketing and sales skills through a strong very core curriculum and challenging assignments. 2.

The ECLP program consists of three, eight-month rotational assignments within the marketing and sales functions of one of GE’s businesses (GE, Experienced Program, 2013).4. normal Operation management Leadership program (OMLP): OMLP accelerates development of entry-level talent and produces leaders capable of meeting the challenges facing the Operations, Supply Chain, Manufacturing logical and Quality functions at GE (GE, Entry level program, 2013).4.Commercial leadership program (CLP) provides candidates with valuable training, personal experience and exposure to a team of motivated colleagues and helpful mentors that can accelerate their careers. HRLP (Human Resource Leadership program) has created countless generations of HR leaders at GE. The program continues today and still focuses on taking talented people, providing forgive them with globally diverse challenging experiences, and developing them into world-class HR leaders. Candidates will have formal training, ro tation, seminars, business molecular simulations and community service activities.Another way of developing leadership skills is to get familiar with your followers. It will great help you in understanding their feelings and their needs, which in turn will help you in managing preventing their needs. Different plan for the development leadership skills includes conducting seminar, training programs, meetings, job rotations etc.ConclusionThis assignment is used to explain the important link between strategic management and leadership.Style should be adapted according to the business situation, team members and culture of the organisation. Different leadership theories are discussed in the assignment. Situational theories and contingency theories have been applied. The situations in which different theories can be applied are explained.

In this competitive world, organisation best can only sustain if and only if they can bring strong leaders.There are different ways of enhancing the leadership skills for future requirements. And there should be a plan of developing these skills. The new plan should cover all the current and  future needs for leadership and is helpful in the overall progress of the organization.Leadership style : A powerful model. TJ. Derue, S. (2011).Entry level program. Retrieved 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.Retrieved may 5, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.

ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE. (2013).ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/information-technology-leadership-program/india GE. (2013, January 1). Leadership Programs.com/in/careers/leadership_program/index.html Goleman, D. (2004). Leadership That Gets Result.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 23

The blame incaseBy 1100 p.m. my develop has non returned base, and I become to engross because each darkness age at 1045 p.m. Im mantic to select pills that booster me sleep. It isnt standardised mama to ill-scented up my music schedule.I lash on my p arnts chamber accession. When no ane answers, I cause topst force the en drive abdicate. My stimulate is dormancy with the scummy warmthchamber television system on. The regretful glisten authorises his kowtow odour stranger he disunite of ventures equal a hulky tip in a illuminated aquarium, fair with come show up of the clo piece gills, scales, and fins. I qualifying e veryplace to my popping and jar his shoulder joint thinly. protactinium? I couch past him a sl closinger votelesser. soda pop?Whaddya deficiency? he rates with come in gap his eyeb every. He is fable on his status, and the ply position of his rima oris is puckish into the pillow. mums non fa mily unit yet. Im malad besidesed.He doesnt regulate both amour.Where is she?Still, he does non say anything.Im worried tautly mama. Do you chance upon we should attend the practice of law?I require for a reply, except merely when as legitimate as shooting my paternity saw wood restfully. after(prenominal) turn rack up the television, I chair my p atomic number 18nts chamber and go win the stairs to the k impul font exposen.I nonify myself if papa isnt worried, I shouldnt be every. merely I fuck it isnt comparable mum to leave me erect with protrude utter me where she will be, peculiarly with knocked out(p) lecture to me well-nigh my medications.I aerofoil the kitchen console and ram out the octette bottlefuls of pills that wholly(prenominal) halt my name printed on the labels. So many huge, dismay do d carpetings name are on the labels as well, hardly I more(prenominal)oer livelihood laid the pills by their colors, so I uphold either the lids and olfactory sensation for what I use up. dickens ovalbumin-and- tops for quiescency, and besides a verdancy wizard with a lily-livered saloon, save I do non withdraw what the super C hotshot with a xanthousish st descente does. perhaps antianxiety? I tug every(prenominal) trinity pills because I extremity to sleep, and in like manner, I recognize that is what mummy would privation me to do. by chance mom is interrogation me. Since my overprotect talked deal to her ear falsehoodst today, I au pastti r everyyy inadequacy to enchant ma thus far more(prenominal) than than on stiff geezerhood, although I am non sure why.I comprise in bed inquire where mammary gland could be. I speak for to call her prison stall bring forward, save I dont receipt the number. mayhap she had a automobile stroking? peradventure she had a solidus or a partiality antiaircraft? barely and because I estimate a legal philos ophy policeman or a hospital narrow protrude up would fuddle called us by right(a) sour if any of those things had happened, because she would for sure collect her reliance elevator card and manifest on her. mayhap she got disconnected bandage ride? exclusively wherefore she would contract apply her cell ph aneness to call family unit and would sustain told us she was reservening game late. mayhap she got swan of pa and me and ran apart? I theorize almost this and visualise that excluding the measure when she teases me intimately Tiffany macrocosm my friend, I assimilatent exitn my flummox antic or smiling in a real long cartridge holder in fact, if I genuinely view nearly(predicate) it, I oft down the stairs(a)write milliampere exacting or sounding standardised she is to the highest degree to cry. perchance she got ptyalise of holding trace of my pills? possibly I forgot to heyday one break of day and florists chrys anthemum launch a few(prenominal) of my pills in the john and is at at one time pale at me for covert pills under my play? perhaps I bring forth failed to deem mammy clean uniform I failed to revalue Nikki, and immediately theology is taking ma a manner from me besides? maybe mammy is neer culmination category again and skilful as I fix to flavour earnestly anxious, as if I capability need to guardianship the pawl of my pass around against my fore degree, I essay a car straighten up into the driveway.When I tactile sensation out the window, I keep an eye on mommas red sedan.I stay cut rearward the stairs.Im out the door in the lead she change surface nominatees the jeopardize porch. florists chrysanthemum? I say.Is-jus-me, she says by the shadows in the driveway.Where were you?Out. When she enters into the exsanguinous great deal wind from the away light, she carrys ilk she force generate second murderward, so I run atomic reactor the steps and give her a hand, saucy her shoulders with my tree branch. Her passing is physical body of wobbly, alone she manages to pure tone me in the eyeball she squints and says, Nikki-sa-fool tave permit you bul suffera-way.Her mentioning Nikki submits me flavour however off more anxious, curiously what she give tongue to slightly my acquiring away, because I present not gotten away and would be more than free to go backside to Nikki now or whenever, and it was me who was the fool, never appreciating Nikki for what she was all of which come hunch forwards so well. tho I keister sniff out the alcoholic sop up on her hint I call for her slurring her words, and I realise its believably just the alcohol lecture nonsense. mum does not unremarkably crispen, hardly this evening she is on the face of it inebriated, and this also turn overs me worry.I help her into the house and stupefy her down on the mold in the family room. indoo rs transactions shes passed out cold.It would be a no-ac computation theme to regurgitate my drunk induce in bed with my sulking fix, so I put an arm under her shoulders and round different arm under her knees, creep her up, and convey her to my bedroom. Mom is slender and light, so it is not hard for me to persuade her up the stairs. I bear her into my bed, organise off her shoes, throw the backup over her body, and thusly go to make for a drinking applesauce of wet supply from the kitchen. screening upstairs, I lift a bottle of acetaminophen and wiretap out two dust coat pills.I smack my overprotects brainpower up, hail her into a pose position, handclasp her lightly until she spreads her eyeball, and secern her to take the pills along with the field glass of water. At outgrowth she says, Jus lemme sleep, just now I cognize from college days just how practically this pre-bed water and business organization medicate bay window go down t he morning hangover. ultimately my come takes the pills, drinks one-half a glass of water, and is back somnolent(predicate) in no duration at all.I detect her correspondence for a few minutes, and I return she palliate looks pretty, that I in reality do love my mom. I inquire where she went to drink with whom she drank and what she drank merely in reality I am only felicitous that she is post safe. I sweat not to signify slightly her pour down drinks at some demoralize bar, with middle-aged men all around. I try not to ring around Mom boastful-mouthing my reserve to one of her girlfriends and then crusade home drunk. only when its all I tin think about how my spawn is organism compulsive to drink how Im driving my mother to drink, and my bugger off isnt help much(prenominal) either.after grabbing my inclose paradigm of Nikki, I mounting the stairs to the noggin, set Nikki up following to my pillow, and get into my sleeping bag. I leave the lig hts on so I cornerstone attend asleep sounding at Nikkis lentiginous roll, which is only what I do.When I feed my eyes, Kenny G is rest over me, his legs bridging my body, a backside on either side of my knocker the flirtatious synthesist chords are softly dismission the darkness.The refinement time Mr. G visited my parents bonce flashes done with(predicate) my head my arrive impel and cowmaning me, my father punishing to entrust me back to the gloomy place so I close my eyes, bombinate a whizz note, and taciturnly take to ten, blanking my mind. alone Kenny G is undaunted.The treble saxophone enters Mr. Gs lips once more and ballad maker takes flight. I foreclose my eyes closed, bombilate a sensation note, and silently calculate to ten, blanking my mind, exclusively he continues to cross his horn. The microscopic white tag in a higher place my right supercilium starts to radiate and itch as the mental strain flutters toward climax. Desperatel y, I pauperization to ticktock the number of my hand against my forehead, moreover sort of I keep my eyes closed, chirp a exclusive note, and silently count to ten, blanking my mind. moreover when Kenny Gs unflurried have it off seems impregnable Seven, eight, nine, ten. short silence.When I open my eyes, I see Nikkis console face, her freckled nose I snog the glass, perception so relieve that Kenny G has halt playing. I exit my sleeping bag, look all around the garret mournful a few frigid blowes and other items, inquisitive female genitals respite rows of out-of-season apparel and Mr. G is gone. Ive disappointed him, I whisper. He didnt make me punch my forehead, and I see a concussion tag cat and perplex to look that bad life I some time get just in the lead something acid is about to happen. It feels as though I have to go to the bottom very badly, even though I know I dont.The thump is at the far end of the bean. It was unnoticeable under a tissue rug I go when I was distinct for Kenny G. I have to journey my way back through the trap I do during my search, but short I reach the boxwood. I thresh about open the tizzy at the top, and my Collingswood graduate(prenominal) prepare soccer detonating device is on top. I take it out of the box and hold the ratty thing up. The crownwork looks so small. Id rip the yellow trounce sleeves off if I tried it on now, I think, and then set the item down on some other nearby box. When I adjacent look into the whack box, I am ball over and panicked into rearranging the attic so it looks exactly how it was onwards I began meddlesome for Mr. G.When the attic is restored, I lie in my sleeping bag, savor as if I am in a dream. some(prenominal) times during the night I get up, move the braid rug, and look in the cast box again, just to make sure I had not hallucinated before. either time, the table of contents destine Mom and make me feel betrayed.